LEVEL B · RESEARCH-ADAPTED MEASURE

Entrepreneurial Orientation Test — EOS-32

The item set or construct comes from published research or a public-domain measurement program, but this product form may be shortened, combined, translated, or presented differently from the source administration.

CONSTRUCT

What it measures

A 32-item research-adapted profile of innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, competitiveness, achievement orientation, and learning orientation in an educational/early-career context.

FORMAT

What you complete

32 scored items across 6 displayed dimensions

SCORING

How the score is made

Declared Likert items are summed after reverse-keying where specified, then transformed to a 0–100 display scale. The display is a response score, not a population percentile, unless an official lookup conversion is explicitly named.

RELIABILITY

Consistency evidence

No reliability coefficient has been estimated from Inward Atlas users for this online administration. Where a source link is provided, consult it for evidence about the original instrument or source scale.

VALIDITY

What the evidence supports

The item set or construct comes from published research or a public-domain measurement program, but this product form may be shortened, combined, translated, or presented differently from the source administration. Inward Atlas has not independently established criterion, predictive, or cross-cultural validity for this implementation.

NORMS

How values should be read

No representative Inward Atlas norm sample is applied. Displayed 0–100 values are transformed response scores, not percentile ranks or claims about comparison with a population.

Source and implementation record

The article is CC BY. The final 32-item six-factor model and English translations of the original Spanish items are reported in Table 2. Inward Atlas uses those reported English translations with an agreement scale oriented from disagree to agree, reverse-keying the two negatively worded items. Because the English translations were not independently validated as an English-language version in the source study, Inward Atlas labels this implementation Level B.

License
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Source version
Final 32-item six-factor EOS reported by Gorostiaga et al. (2019), English translations in Table 2
Review status
Source checked 2026-08-27
Definition version
Schema 1 · eos-32-english-translation-v1

Limitations shown with the assessment

  • This implementation is intended for educational and early-career self-reflection. The source validation sample consisted of vocational-training students, so results should not automatically be generalized to experienced founders or executives.
  • The source study validated the original Spanish-language instrument; Inward Atlas uses the English translations reported by the authors and therefore labels this English implementation Level B rather than claiming an independently validated English version.
  • Entrepreneurial orientation is not a measure of business success, founder quality, investment readiness, financial ability, or whether you should start a company.
  • The 0–100 display values are transformed response scores, not population percentiles.

Implementation notes

  • The source paper validated the scale in 411 vocational-training students and reported a six-factor CFA fit of CFI=.919, TLI=.911, RMSEA=.048.
  • Reported omega values ranged from .68 to .84 across the six dimensions, with test-retest correlations from .60 to .69.
  • Items 13 and 20 are negatively worded and are reverse-keyed in Inward Atlas's agree-to-disagree presentation.

Use the assessment

Open Entrepreneurial Orientation